English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

English - Essay Example Jeter started his career when he was only 20 years old in 1995 and has spent his entire career with the Yankees. He was quick in the journey of success and accomplished great popularity and numerous triumphs in very short span of time. Let me mention some major, if not all, awards here. He was four time NY Yankees player of the year, 9-time AL All-Star (1998-2002, 2004, 2006-2008), won 3 Gold Glove awards and awarded World Series Most Valuable Player in 2000. We can say that Jeter started his carrier long ago when he was a student in Kalamazoo Central High School. From there onward, he started to gain achievements and also received a baseball scholarship to attend the  University of Michigan from where he was introduced to New York Yankees. His father is a drug counselor and his mother, an Accountant. Jeter was named after Derek Sanderson, his father’s favorite hockey player. An interesting fact about Jeter is that he has the same birthday as Abner Doubleday who invented Baseball (funtrivia.com). Jeter’s popularity can be known by the fact that a wax figure of him is situated in the Madame Tussauds Wax Museum. As per the record of 2006, Derek is the 2nd highest paid endorser in baseball earning $7 million in endorsements (forbes). He has appeared in ad campaign for Skippy,  Ford, VISA, Nike and others. Derek is often called a â€Å"ladies man†. It is said that he has dated many beautiful ladies including Miss Universe Lara Datta, Scarlett Johansson, Gabrielle Union, Jessica Alba, Tyra Banks and the list goes on (ESPN). He is still living a single life. One of the main reasons why I admire him most is his caring nature for humanity. He established a charity organization â€Å"Turn 2 Foundation† in 1996 which supports programs and activities that motivates young people to avoid usage of drugs and alcohol. This organization is running numerous

International Entertainers Essay Example for Free

International Entertainers Essay The salaries of many singers, dancers and sports people have increased out of all proportion in recent years, while in places like Sudan people are starving to death. I do not beleive that anyone should be able to earn such enormous salaries whan so many people in the world are living in poverty. One af the factors which should affect what a person can earn ought to be the benefit of persons work to society. It is unreasonable for a famous singer to be able to earn far more from an evenings entertainment than, for instance, a medical scientist who develops a new drug which produces a treatment for a common disease. The pop star certainly has a value in society, but the value in no way exceeds, or even matches, the value gained from a successful medication. Secondly. work done should be paid according to the amount of effort and skill that goes into it. Nobody would deny that a famous person works hard and is skillful, yet such people do not work any harder than thousand of other workers who have no claim to fame. Yet market force are such that these superstarts can obtain millions of dolor while other unknown people sometimes earn less than they need to survive. Finally, it should be possible for governments to work together to ensure that the amount of money in circulation should be more more equally and fairly distributed. This seems only fair given that there are so many suffering. To conclude, it is clear that world poverty is a serious problem and yet the problem could be eased if governments and compenies gave more thought to paying salaries on a more equitable basis and if they started to contribute more money to those in need.

france business :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Studying and understanding different cultures of the world, is an integral part of successfully communicating internationally. This paper will examine three case studies evaluating communication styles in France. The focus will be on McDonald’s France, Euro Disney, and Accor. These three cases all involve a lack of effective communication and understanding of French Culture. French Culture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to examine these French communication case studies it is important to understand the French culture. The French are characterized as having a very high level of uncertainty avoidance, but ironically change their minds quite frequently. The French are also very characterized as a very individualistic culture, meaning that everyone is only supposed to take care of themselves and their immediate family. These characteristics will be seen throughout the case studies, especially the uncertainty avoidance factor. McDonald’s France Case:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  McDonalds has opened franchises all over the world, little did they know that breaking into the French market would be such a challenge. McDonalds is a global corporation that is now tailoring its food, and entire dinning experience to fit local cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At first, the French were not very receptive of McDonalds invading their country, and were very reluctant to indulge in the high fat, fast food. Culturally it was different from anything they had ever experienced before. Initially French McDonalds were replicates of American McDonalds, serving the same menu with the same structural layout. The French traditionally enjoy lingering over their meals, and creating a dinning experience as opposed quickly consuming a large amount of food. These factors led to a slow start for McDonalds in France.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The French were also very concerned about the high level of fat contained in the traditional McDonalds menu. This became a huge communication problem, especially when protests started picketing several McDonalds in France. McDonalds France Solution:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These problems have been handled by having McDonalds France Public Relations Department giving several press conferences, as well as, distributing several press releases. Since the Problem spans the entire country, high level McDonalds executives are communicating with the public. This communication does not end with high level executives; the message has permeated throughout the entire organization. The managers of individual franchises are very proactive to address and resolve the problems McDonalds has been experiencing. They choose to use the several forms of media that are most likely to actually reach the average McDonalds consumer, news paper press releases, press conferences that could be aired on the local news, and a new advertising campaign.

Ap Biology Paper

August 20, 2012 AP Biology Paper thing Daniel Gildenbrand Many scientists have contributed to the subjects of nature, evolution, medicine, and to the development of how experiments are executed. In this essay I will go over four scientists, their experiments, and how those experiments benefited the scientific community and the way we currently live our lives. These four scientists greatly contributed to science and were arguably the greatest contributors to their field of study.First, we have Francesco Redi and his famous experiments challenging the previous assumption that maggots underwent  Ã¢â‚¬Å"spontaneous generation†, a theory about the formation of living organisms without descent from similar organisms, and naturally spawned from rotting meat. Redi disproved this theory with his experiments. In one of those experiments, Redi took three groups of jars: in the first jar of each group he put an unknown object; in the second, a dead fish; and in the third, a rotting piece of meat.The first group of jars was left open with no lid, the second group was covered in a woven piece of gauze, so that only air could get into the jar, and the third group was firmly sealed with a lid. After a few days of wait, Francesco noted that maggots appeared in the open jars where he saw flies had landed. The group of jars covered with the gauze had maggots on top of the gauze because the flies could smell the rotting meat so they laid their eggs there. Finally, he observed jars sealed with a lid had no maggots.With this experiment he disproved the theory of abiogenesis. His contribution to the scientific community did not end with just the results of his experiments as he was credited with the development of the â€Å"controlled experiment. † Controlled experiments changed the way we conduct experiments and greatly increased the accuracy of our results. The famous quote â€Å"Omne vivum ex ovo† (â€Å"All life comes from an egg†) is commonly associa ted with Redi’s experiments. A great contributor to the field of medicine and microbiology was Louis Pasteur.He was famous for his experiments with micro-organisms and for inventing the S-flask, which is now of great use in scientific experiments. Louis’ experiments saved the silk industry, and solved problems with the manufacture of alcoholic drinks. Most importantly, Pasteur invented the process now known as pasteurization. While working with the germ theory, which he bettered with his research, Pasteur proved that micro-organisms such as bacteria were responsible in the souring of alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine.He also discovered that microbes where infecting silk worm eggs and advocated that only disease-free eggs should be selected, which saved the industry. Another one of Pasteur’s accomplishments was when he confirmed the disproval of abiogenesis through his experiments. In the experiment, he put exposed boiled broth into two groups of S-flasks, w hich he invented to slow the growth of bacteria in test tubes. Then, he covered one of the groups of flasks with a filter designed to prevent any particles from entering the tube.The other group was group of S-flasks was left alone (the S-flasks also only allowed a minimal amount of particles to enter the tube). He concluded that bacteria only grew in the flasks after they were broken open; therefore, the microbes had to come from the outside, in the form of spores on dust particles. To counter the growth of these bacteria, he developed â€Å"pasteurization† which is a process that kills bacteria within a liquid by heating then cooling the liquid. Pasteurization is now used just about anywhere beverages are manufactured to prevent any bacteria from entering the products.Finally, Louis Pasteur’s arguably greatest contribution to science was bettering the concept of vaccination. When Pastuer was working on a problem causing chickens to die from a virus called â€Å"chic ken cholera† on a farm, he exposed some of the healthy chickens to a weaker form of the virus. After returning from a month-long vacation, Louis discovered that the chickens did not die from the disease, like the others, but had actually grown immune to the disease and were completely healthy.He applied the same principle of vaccination to a quickly spreading epidemic called anthrax. Louis Pasteur’s contributions to science were vast and if we think about it, his research has forever changed the way that we live our lives today. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who was dubbed the father of evolution. His work included establishing the fact that all species descended from common ancestors and describing a process he called natural selection in which different species struggled for life, leaving only the ones that adapted better to survive.Darwin has often been called one of the most influential figures in human history. His work undoubtedly affected peopleâ€℠¢s view on life and his theory of evolution transformed the way we think about the natural world. Darwin collected his research from many different places but his most influential research was gathered along his voyage on the Beagle. In 1831 Darwin tagged along the ship The Beagle on a survey voyage. When he got to the Galapagos Islands, he noticed that each island had similar finches that had their own distinctive features.He then noticed that these features corresponded with the environment that the birds lived in and what they had to hunt. He explained the situation with the theories of evolution and natural selection. He stated that the finches had originated from a similar ancestor and had evolved their characteristics to adapt to each sub-environment on the islands. Then, by natural selection, the finches that were better suited for their environment where left to breed and thrive on the islands. This is what we would call today, â€Å"Survival of the fittest. What Darwin acc omplished with his research is vital to the scientific community and what we learn today. His work explains why many things exist as they do and how some things came to be. Finally, we had Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered the â€Å"wonder drug† penicillin. Fleming had discovered the world’s first anti-biotic, or bacteria killer. Penicillin is a drug that kills bacteria in many forms and is widely used in medicine and is essential in healing infections. As important as penicillin may be, it was found in a very strange way.When Fleming was leaving his laboratory for a vacation, he had stacked all his cultures of staphylococci on a bench in a corner of his laboratory. When he returned, he started to show some of the samples to his lab assistant and randomly noticed that one of the samples had grown a mold. He thought nothing of it until he also noticed that the mold had killed the staphylococci sample that was in the dish. Fleming saw that this mold had great potenti al. He spent several weeks growing more of the mold and, with the help of a colleague, he figured out that it was a Penicillium mold.He continued to run experiments with the mold and figured out that it killed many different types of harmful bacteria. But the most important characteristic of the mold was that it did no harm to the human body. Since Fleming was not a chemist, he could not isolate the actual antibacterial element within the mold and use it as medicine. Later on though, two chemists by the names of Florey and Chain managed to make penicillin a usable product. Fleming’s discovery of penicillin greatly benefited the evolution of medicine and has been a vital asset in fighting bacteria and illness.Francis Redi, Louis Pasteur, Charles Darwin, and Alexander Fleming each greatly benefited the scientific community. Their research and discoveries allowed for great advancements in medicine, knowledge, and helped shine light on things previously unknown. Francesco Redi an d Louis Pasteur both disproved the theory of spontaneous generation. Charles Darwin changed the way we view species and the natural world with his theories of evolution and natural selection. Lastly, Alexander Flemings advanced field of medicine by discovering the miracle drug of penicillin.Whether it was by Darwin giving us new knowledge on the natural world or by Redi, Louis, and Pasteur pushing medicine further, these fours scientists greatly improved our lives and forever changed the way we live them. Bibliography Francesco Redi Meat and Maggots 1. â€Å"Francesco Redi and Controlled Experiments. †Ã‚  The Church and Science:Conflict or Complement. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012. . 2. â€Å"Redi Experiment. †Ã‚  Kent School District. N. p. , n. d. Web. 7 Sept. 2012.

Disraeli’s policy during the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876 Essay

To what extent was Gladstone’s religion the driving force behind his attempt to ‘sabotage’ Disraeli’s policy during the Bulgarian Crisis of 1876? ‘Of all the Bulgarian atrocities perhaps the greatest’1 was the label Disraeli ascribed to Gladstone’s 1876 pamphlet The Bulgarian Horrors and the Question of the East, which ‘concentrated into a single utterance a profoundly excited public mood struggling for articulation’.2 With the publication of this pamphlet, Gladstone effectively undermined Disraeli’s policy of unwavering support for the Turks in the face of the Bulgarian massacres, and emerged at the forefront of the Bulgarian Agitation. The popular pressure that ensued ultimately forced Disraeli to abandon any overt military support of the Ottoman Empire, and to declare neutrality in the issue. While the consequences of Gladstone’s action are known, his reasons for involving himself in the debate are questionable. Gladstone’s fervent religious beliefs could have provided the main impetus for his involvement, but other arguments, such as his intervention being an anti-Conservative political strategy, are perhaps more plausible given an examination of the evidence. In examining this issue, it is important to understand the depth of contempt that Gladstone and Disraeli held for each other’s foreign policy. It was not their principles that differed: both believed in a policy of non-intervention in European affairs except for in those that could impact British interests. However, their methods were entirely different. Disraeli believed very strongly in the ruling right and superiority of the established aristocracy in Britain, and this certainly transferred across to his foreign policy, as illustrated by his endorsement of Austrian aristocratic Habsburg rule in Italy in 1851. He felt that Britain had a duty to Europe as the wealthiest and most powerful Empire, and that this would best be served by preserving British influence and furthering the spread of the British Empire. Gladstone also wished to preserve British interests, but often found this to conflict with his nationalism, ‘sympathy with the unalienable rights of smaller nations to their nationhood’3. In terms of Italy, therefore, Gladstone could not support Austrian rule because it contravened his nationalistic beliefs, despite the fact that Habsburg domination could have proved more beneficial to Britain. This is mirrored in his stance in the arbitration of the Alabama settlement: Gladstone appeared to capitulate to American demands as opposed to supporting British interests, as he believed that it was the most moral course of action. It was from these differences that the deep opposition to each other’s foreign policy was born. Disraeli saw Gladstone’s policy as counter-productive in terms of British interests, accusing him of wanting to dismantle the Empire, while Gladstone found Disraeli to be far too much of an imperialist and insensitive to the rights of foreign nations. Disraeli not only poured scorn on Gladstone’s foreign affairs, but also disliked his dogmatic religion. It is possible that the modern focus on Gladstone as a highly religious politician was brought about by Disraeli’s very public attacks on his fervent religious beliefs. Disraeli held nothing but scorn for Gladstone’s religion, and talked with disdain of him always ‘preaching, praying, speechifying or scribbling’4. For Disraeli, Gladstone used his religion to mask his true intentions – to appear pious while actually manipulating and manoeuvring his way through politics. Perhaps it is Disraeli’s emphasis on ridiculing Gladstone’s religious beliefs that has inspired the concept that he was first and foremost a highly religious man. However, the general consensus is that Gladstone’s Evangelical upbringing led to a strong sense of religious morality that could be said to have permeated all aspects of his life, including his politics. In modern Britain it would rarely be expected for a Prime Minister to admit to religion colouring their policies: as Alastair Campbell famously declared, ‘we don’t do God’. Blair’s revelation that he ultimately looked to religion for his decision in declaring war on Iraq was frowned upon by many who felt that personal beliefs and convictions should not have an impact on decisions that will affect whole countries. However, in the far more religious Britain of 1876 this was not so controversial. Religious issues permeated every aspect of life, including law and politics. The attitudes of the day are clearly demonstrated in the Bradlaugh Case, in which confirmed atheist and elected MP for Northampton Charles Bradlaugh was barred from taking up his parliamentary seat because of his refusal to take the religious Oath of Allegiance required for entry. This issue was disputed regularly in parliament, showing the height of religious feeling of the time. Gladstone in particular made no secret of his religion, or of his beliefs that it was entirely applicable to politics. In his book The State in its Relations to the Church (1838), Gladstone raised the idea that religion and politics were inextricably linked: the Church was the conscience of the State, while the State had a duty to lend its consistent, unwavering support to the Anglican Church. Although his views later changed to reject the exclusivity of the Church of England, throughout his life he retained the belief that religion should be firmly ingrained in the running of the country. Gladstone’s beliefs caused him to take an ethical stance in foreign policy, which contrasted greatly with Disraeli’s firmly imperialist ‘Beaconsfieldism’ that attempted to secure the best outcome for Britain, sentiments that prefigured the practical criticism of mixing religion and politics today. Disraeli and Gladstone held the greatest of contempt for each other in their foreign affairs, each believing the other’s policy to be entirely nonsensical and unworkable, attitudes that stemmed from their differing interests. While Disraeli held British interests at heart, Gladstone had ‘a catholic largeness of vision and sympathy embracing Europe as a cultural and spiritual community’5 stemming from his views on the unity of the Christian church, and believed that European affairs should be conducted with the best interests of the community at heart. Although Disraeli felt that it was necessary to support the Turks despite their actions in Bulgaria in order to deter Russia from gaining power on territory on the pretext of moral intervention, Gladstone would have found this inexcusable according to his personal moral code and ‘European sense’, principally derived from ‘the intense fervour of his Christianity’6: as Magnus perceptively states, Gladstone felt that Disraeli’s ‘interpretation of [British] interests excluded considerations of justice, or of humanity’7. It was not only Gladstone’s ‘European sense’ that would have rendered support of the Turks inexcusable, but the very nature of the events taking place in Bulgaria. Gladstone consistently cast himself as a moral crusader in his policies, particularly regarding Ireland and in his opposition and criticisms of ‘Beaconsfieldism’. Following the brutal massacre of 15,000 Bulgarians, Jenkins’ argument that the moral Gladstone was ‘spontaneously seized with a passionate sympathy for the sufferings of the Balkan Christian communities’8 seems plausible. Gladstone would most likely have been incensed by Disraeli’s initial denial of the rumours of the massacres, already believing Disraeli’s foreign policy to be aggressive, expensive and unprincipled. However, Abbot refutes Jenkins’ claims in stating that ‘the part played†¦by Gladstone’s ‘high moral principles’ has tended to be exaggerated’9, and states that the vast majority of his moral outbursts in terms of foreign policy were made when he was in opposition. As a moral stance in foreign policy was a common one for the opposition to take at the time, this indicates that Gladstone’s intervention was possibly not entirely fuelled by religion. Gladstone’s role as a cabinet minister during the Crimean War could have provided another factor in his intervention. The Treaty of Paris that brought the war to a close increased the necessity for co-operation within the concert of Europe, as it had substituted a ‘European conscience expressed by the collective guarantee and concerted action of the European powers’10 for a pre-Crimean war guarantee of the protection of Christian minorities by the Russians. Turkey had promised better treatment for the Christians of the Ottoman Empire, and Gladstone felt morally obliged to ensure that the terms of the Treaty were not breached, particularly with reference to the protection of the Balkan Christians. Following Russia’s breach of the Black Sea clauses in 1870, Gladstone was even more determined to ensure that the European Concert continued to function in its protection of the minorities. It seems unlikely that Gladstone wanted to preserve the terms of the Treaty of Paris for purely political reasons, as the maintenance of the balance of power within Europe required Russia to be contained, not encouraged to expand into the Balkans supposedly in order to protect the inhabitants. It is possible then that Gladstone intervened for the same reason as the Russians gave: in order to protect the Christians from an alien nation with an alien religion that mistreated them. A sample from his pamphlet gives a clear indication of his attitude towards the Turks – ‘Their Zaptiehs and their Mudirs, their Bimbashis and their Yuzbashis, their Kaimakams and their Pashas, one and all, bag and baggage, shall I hope clear out from the province they have desolated and profaned’11. While this has racist overtones, it is difficult to determine whether this is due to a difference in religion. Jenkins raises the possibility that Gladstone could have felt sympathetic towards the Christians, but quashes it with the statement that ‘Gladstone was stronger on the rhetoric of indignation than on detailed knowledge of what was happening in the Balkans’12, never having visited the area or displayed any previous interest in it. Indeed, on the subject of previous massacres of Christians, Gladstone had remained suspiciously quiet, despite episodes like the massacre of the Maronite Christians in 1860 which left between 7,000 and 11,000 dead. It seems unlikely that a wild desire to protect those of the same religion only appeared during this particular occurrence, particularly as Gladstone failed to intervene when the news of the massacres initially broke, waiting another two months to bring himself into the limelight. Although Feuchtwanger claims that Gladstone’s ‘life in politics was a constant quest for God’13, the historian’s emphasis on Gladstone as a singularly moral, religious politician is overly simplistic, and does not take into account Gladstone’s practical, political nature. There is an obvious practical angle for Gladstone’s participation in the Bulgarian Agitation: propping up a declining Ottoman Empire was not a viable long term policy for Britain. The tradition of Palmerstonian foreign policy supported Turkish rule in the East, partially in order to maintain a balance of power in Europe, but mostly as a matter of self-interest: in order to protect trade routes in the Mediterranean. Particularly following the Crimean War, the expansion of a hostile Russia would have been detrimental to British trade and to British power and influence within Europe. In the short term a strong Turkey would act as an efficient barrier to Russian expansion, but th e Ottoman Empire had become increasingly corrupt and weak; the Bulgarian uprising and subsequent massacre was not the only such occurrence. Moreover, overtly supporting the Ottomans would anger the Dreikaiserbund of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia: although it was best not to allow the alliance of these three countries to grow too powerful, neither was it sensible to pursue a policy of mindless support for the Turks whose influence was already declining. Prior to the confirmation of the truth of the massacres, Disraeli, advised by the pro-Turkish British ambassador Elliot, had made moves towards supporting the Turks against Russia, and even went so far as to dismiss the rumours of the massacres as ‘coffee house babble’. In sabotaging Disraeli’s policy by stirring up public opinion, Gladstone effectively limited the options open to the prime minister and possibly prevented him from forming a dangerous alliance with Turkey. Furthermore, it has been suggested that Gladstone in fact saw a better solution to the problem of Russian expansion than bolstering Turkey. From his attitudes towards Italy it is clear that Gladstone favoured nationalism, and believed that all people had the right to national self-determination. Blake claims that Gladstone was ‘hostile to any sort of forward policy’14, an unnecessarily harsh statement from the pro-Disraeli biographer: in fact, in supporting nationalism, Gladstone proposed a solution ahead of his time. The creation of Balkan states was the solution used in 1935 to contain Russia, but it would have been equally applicable here. It could be argued that Gladstone was contradicting Disraeli’s policy because he could see a flaw in the reasoning. It is evident from his pamphlet that he wanted the Turks removed from Bulgaria, but further to this, Magnus claims that ‘he repeatedly urged that the matter should be taken out of Russian hands’15 and that this was a solution more ‘realistic’16 than Disraeli’s. Ever politically expedient, Gladstone intended to attack British support of the Turks as well as advocating Russian containment, reasserting the balance of power in Europe. Of course, it is entirely possible that Gladstone was simply launching a direct attack on the policies of the government without any real moral or religious reasoning. A response not born out of righteous indignation or passionate sympathy for the suffering of the Bulgarians but of an attempt to make the government appear weak or badly led would explain his delay in joining the Agitation. Gladstone’s particular rivalry with Disraeli would have provided motive enough for such an attack: the two men held the greatest contempt for each other, stemming from the repeal of the Corn Laws and the split of the Conservative party in 1846. Although their practical aims were often remarkably similar in foreign affairs, their ideologies differed vastly and each held the other’s principles in utter contempt. It would not be beyond the bounds of rational thought to assume that in sabotaging Disraeli’s policy the only thing that Gladstone intended to do was to make him look like a fool. It could be argued that even in this there was a religious motivation. Disraeli’s Jewish background has led to the suggestion that his anti-Russian foreign policy had more to do with anti-Christian feeling. Feuchtwanger claims that Gladstone was aware of this and distrusted Disraeli for it: ‘all his deep suspicions about Disraeli were aroused; he now even suspected him of being influenced by Judaic sympathy for the Turks and hatred of Christians’17, although Blake dismisses such suspicions as ‘absurd’18. At a stretch, the poor relationship of the two politicians could also be said to have its roots in their differing religious views. Gladstone may have resented Disraeli’s conversion from Judaism to Christianity, which could be interpreted as only having been undertaken for social gain and not true faith. Shannon suggests that Gladstone’s return to the political arena could have been for selfish reasons; that he wanted to restore his ‘bond of moral rapport with the ‘masses†19 and adds that ‘it was less a case of Gladstone exciting popular pressure than popular pressure exciting Gladstone’20: rather than Gladstone carefully crafting his attack on Disraeli, he merely saw an opportunity to join ‘the virtuous passion’21 sweeping the nation and manipulate it to his advantage. Again, this would explain the delay between the beginning of the Agitation and Gladstone’s involvement. His action in publishing the pamphlet drew him back to the forefront of political life, and his continuing focus on the Midlothian campaign throughout the next four years was an important factor in ensuring his re-election as Prime Minister in 1880. Many historians agree with Shannon’s interpretation that Gladstone wanted to ‘reforge his links with†¦.mass audiences’22, but disagree on the reasoning for this. Shannon and Blake are both of the opinion the Gladstone simply seized upon the opportunity to ‘take part in†¦a moral crusade’23 in an attempt to inject himself back into the contemporary political field. Although the consequences of his action suggest that this is a realistic motive, and that he could have chosen to speak out against Disraeli to ensure his own self-advancement, this does seem unlikely considering Gladstone’s character; Blake’s portrayal of Gladstone is excessively negative, probably due to his pro-Disraeli sentiments. The perhaps more reliable Jenkins contradicts these claims of intervention for self-advancement, as ‘It did not follow that what he did was contrived for his own convenience’24 and claiming that he ‘was driven on Bulgaria by the same sort of elemental force which had seized him at the time of his Neapolitan pamphlets’25. This is a far more accurate judgement given the evidence: Gladstone constantly looked to his moral principles in seeking to do what was best for Britain and for Europe, and it seems unlikely that he would have stirred up such a commotion merely to return himself to the forefront of political affairs. Shannon states that Gladstone’s ‘first love had been the Church, and to the Church he remained ever faithful’26, but despite the politician’s overt Christianity historians are unable to agree on the extent to which his religion impacted his policies. In terms of his reaction to the Bulgarian Atrocities alone, numerous theories have been put forward as to the cause: his animosity towards Disraeli, his strong belief in nationalism, a wish to unite with the masses protesting a cause. Although these theories are superficially disparate, a closer examination reveals that they are all underpinned by Gladstone’s strong sense of morality. This morality caused him to reject Disraeli’s policies as unprincipled, to campaign for the creation of the Balkan states and to view Europe as a spiritual community that Britain had an obligation to protect and preserve. Ultimately, Gladstone’s politics were motivated by morality; a morality derived from his fundamental, unwavering religious beliefs.    1 Blake, R., Disraeli, St. Martin’s, 1967, p.602 2 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.110 3 Abbot, B.H., Gladstone and Disraeli, Collins, 1986, p.95 4 5 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.4 6 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.5 7 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2001, p.240 8 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.401 9 Abbot, B.H., Gladstone and Disraeli, Collins, 1986, p.22 10 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2001, p.239 11 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British Political Biography, 1975, p.183 12 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.404 13 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British Political Biography, 1975, p.13 14 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martin’s, 1967, p.760 15 Magnus, P., Gladstone, Penguin Books, 2002, p.241 16 Ibid. 17 Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone, British Political Biography, 1975, p.181 18 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martin’s, 1967, p.600 19 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation, 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.13 20 Ibid. p.110 21 Ibid. p.107 22 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.406 23 Blake, R., Disraeli, St Martin’s, 1967, p.600 24 Jenkins, R., Gladstone, Macmillan, 2002, p.401 25 loc. cit. 26 Shannon, R.T., Gladstone and the Bulgarian Agitation 1876, Nelson, 1963, p.3

Hypostatizationâ€Fallacies of Ambiguity and Language

Hypostatization- Fallacies of Ambiguity and Language The fallacy of Reification- Also known as  Hypostatization- is very similar to the Equivocation Fallacy, except that instead of using one word and changing its meaning through the argument, it involves taking a word with a normal usage and giving it an invalid usage. Specifically, Reification involves ascribing substance or real existence to mental constructs or concepts. When human-like qualities are attributed as well, we also have anthropomorphization. Examples and Discussion of the Hypostatization Fallacy Here are some ways in which the fallacy of reification can occur in various arguments: 1. The government has a hand in everybodys business and another in every persons pocket. By limiting such governmental pickpocketing, we can limit its incursions on our freedom.2. I cant believe that the universe would allow humans and human achievement just to fade away, therefore there must be a God and an afterlife where all will be preserved. These two arguments demonstrate two different ways that the fallacy of Reification can be used. In the first argument, the concept of government is assumed to have attributes like desire which more properly belong to volitional creatures, like people. There is an unstated premise that it is wrong for a person to put their hands in your pocket and it is concluded that it is also immoral for the government to do the same. What this argument ignores is the fact that a government is simply a collection of people, not a person itself. A government has no hands, therefore it cannot pickpocket. If the governments taxing of the people is wrong, it must be wrong for reasons other than a too-literal association with pickpocketing. Actually dealing with those reasons and exploring their validity is undermined by eliciting an emotional reaction by using the pickpocketing metaphor. This arguably means that we also have a fallacy of Poisoning the Well. In the second example above, the attributes being used are more human which means that this example of reification is also anthropomorphization. There is no reason to think that the universe, as such, really cares about anything- including humans beings. If it is not capable of caring, then the fact that it does not care is not a good reason to believe that it will miss us after we are gone. Thus, it is invalid to construct a logical argument which relies upon the assumption that the universe does care. Sometimes atheists create an argument using this fallacy which is similar to example #1, but which involves religion: 3. Religion attempts to destroy our liberty and is therefore immoral. Once again, religion has no volition because it is not a person. No human-created belief system can try to either destroy or build anything. Various religious doctrines are certainly problematic, and it is true that many religious people attempt to undermine liberty, but it is muddled thinking to confuse the two. Of course, it should be noted that hypostatization or reification is really just the use of metaphor. These metaphors become fallacies when they are taken too far and conclusions are formed on the basis the metaphor. It can be very useful to employ metaphors and abstractions in what we write, but they carry a danger in that we can begin to believe, without realizing it, that our abstract entities have the concrete attributes we metaphorically ascribe to them. How we describe a thing has a great influence on what we believe about it. This means that our impression of reality is often structured by the language we use to describe reality. Because of this, the fallacy of reification should teache us to be careful in how we describe things, lest we begin to imagine that our description has an objective essence beyond the language itself.

Intraction Design essays

Intraction Design essays "Interaction design is more of an art than a science." Discuss this statement in the context of software interfaces and human-computer interaction. As computers become pervasive in our environment, so the problems of user interface design and computer-human interaction become ubiquitous. In the future, human society will be more computerized and people will be supported by computers in their day to day lives. In such a environment those who cannot use computers cannot participate in human society. Thereby, anyone must be enabled to access computers and this is possible by using software interfaces that make human computer interaction possible. The word design is often associated with the visual, affective qualities of objects. Artistic certainly play a central role in fields such as fashion, product, interior and graphic design and increasingly in software design as well. Interaction design is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them.(web site). Human-computer interaction is concerned with the joint performance of tasks by humans and machines; the structure of communication between human and machine; human capabilities to use machines. Human Computer interaction is a research area of increasingly central significance to computer science, other scientific and engineering disciplines, and an ever-expanding array of application domains. This more prominent role follows from the widely perceived need to expand the focus of computer science research beyond traditional hardware and software issues to attempt to better understand how technology can more effectively support people in accomplishing their goals. For example the Increasingly, researchers and designers are conducting experiments on the profound effects that design improvements can have on users: reduced learning times...

Embracing Change The Season is Changing - Are You

Embracing Change The Season is Changing - Are You The first hints of Fall are creeping in. The mornings are crisp, and leaves are starting to turn. More than any year that I remember, I’m in a state of change myself as this season of change comes upon us. Most people resist change. We humans are creatures of habit, and even when we know we need to change in order to grow or be successful, we fight to hold on to our old ways of being. I am no different. One of the biggest things I have been changing is how I am as a team member. I have been doing a lot of work on being fun to work with – choosing, even when things are not going the way I want them to go, to be delightful instead of resentful and unpleasant. Making this change has entailed taking in some painful feedback, and getting on a core level that this feedback is for me, delivered with good will, and meant to make my life better. The Implications of Change This growth edge is extremely important for me as a business owner and as a speaker. My newfound attitude has helped me create a better customer experience for an important corporate client, maintaining their confidence even when we had some breakdowns. Any unwillingness to change on my part could have meant the end of that relationship. I am also seeing results in my speaking career. I’ve known for a long time that I have been weak in obtaining clients through speaking; people get a lot of information from me and then take it and go home, most often never contacting me again. I have not liked this. I have wanted it to change! But I kept doing things the same way I had been doing them, which all of us know is NOT a recipe for different results. Biting the Bullet Two months ago, I finally decided to hire a speaking coach, Denise Hedges, in hopes that I could turn things around. With a major presentation coming up September 20, this seemed like the right time to get serious. Now 4 sessions into a private coaching with Denise, I am finding out why I took so long to tackle this issue! This might surprise you, but Denise did not just tweak a few things here and there. She had me write a brand new introduction, delete half my slides, and craft a completely different offer, along with a new, unfamiliar script. And now I am having to practice all these things by myself, trying to remember the new phrases and organization. I’m feeling scared and very uncomfortable. I have been procrastinating. I do not like this! I don’t wanna!! And yet, I have done what she asked me to do, without (too much) complaint. Reaping Rewards When I practiced my new script with a friend, he said it was way better than anything he has heard from me before and that it addressed an issue he had noticed but hadn’t ever quite identified. He heard my offer as my truly wanting to be there with him, understand him, and help him, and he found me very relatable in my delivery. I’m expecting this presentation to be my best ever, and to create excitement in my audience about working with me that I have never created before. And I still want to cry every time I think about delivering my talk in a new way, or about practicing it – again. Here’s the thing. Growth is painful. It’s usually not fun, or at least it’s not fun until you get the results of your new way of being. Then it all becomes worth it. Your Turn The question to ask yourself is not whether you are resisting change, but how and where you are resisting it. I invite you to choose one area, as the leaves turn gold and purple, in which you will take a risk and weather the pain to get a new result in your life. Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinSeptember 12, 2016

Implications Of Global Warming For Tourism In Canada Research Paper

Implications Of Global Warming For Tourism In Canada - Research Paper Example The industry has now become of the major income earner and source of employment in these countries. According to Edgell (1993), tourism stimulates the growth of basic infrastructure, enhances the growth of domestic industries and transfer of information and technology, and attracts foreign investment. One of the countries that have benefitted a lot from tourism is Canada. Canada is the second largest country globally and one of the prosperous nations on the planet earth. It is a member of the Group of Eight (G8) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Its economy is rated as the 9th largest economy globally (CNN News). The key industries in the economy of Canada are manufacturing, service sector, energy and agriculture. Apart from these, tourism also plays a big role in the economy of Canada. In Canada, tourism accounts for about 2% of its overall gross domestic product (GDP), with a GDP value that equals to that of forestry, hunting, agriculture and fi shing combined. In 2007, tourism contributions to Canada reached $28.6 billion, a 5.9% increase turnover from 2006. During the same year, 2007, it generated a total of $21.2 billion in government revenues and over 653,400 jobs for the citizens. In 2008, these increased to $74 billion in revenues and over 66, 000 jobs (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2008). ... Generally, the nation’s tourist attractions include glacial features, parks, waterfalls, historic sites, culture, mountains, ski resorts, museums, art galleries, and hiking and camping destinations. There are also a lot of rivers and lakes for outdoor recreation, boating, fishing and hunting, Crescent Street located in Montreal and suspension bridge located above the Capilano River, and Valley of the Ten Peaks and the Moraine Lake located in Alberta province. The country is bordered by Atlantic Ocean to the east, Pacific Ocean to the west and Arctic Ocean to the north and therefore beaches and other coastal features form an important tourist attraction feature especially during the summers. The above discussion and explanations are a proof that tourism is an important part in the sustenance of the economy of Canada. This means that anything threatening the sustainability of this sector directly threatens the Canadian economy. One of the things that is currently threatening the sustenance of this sector is global warming. This phenomenon has brought about some environmental changes that have significant implications for Tourism in Canada. In order to understand this deeply, it is important to have an overview of what global warming is. Global warming In simple terms, global warming can be defined as the rise in the average global temperatures. This increase in temperature is felt both in the earth’s atmosphere and the oceans/seas. According to Solomon et al (2008), the occurrence of global warming is influenced by different factors that are collectively known as external forcing. These are processes that are external to the earth’s climate system and the earth’s climate

Bluetooth technology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Bluetooth technology - Term Paper Example Bluetooth is another way of transmitting signals from a device to another without the use of wires. Hence, Bluetooth is used as an open wireless protocol in the exchange of data over small distances, from fixed and mobile resources and creating personal area network. Bluetooth can link numerous devices as it can overcome difficulties associated with synchronization. Bluetooth technology signals pass through walls, doors, windows and it can reach many wireless devices connected to it provided they are on its way of travel. It is also used in internet sharing in a case where both devices are Bluetooth installed. In order to make use of Bluetooth technology one has to ensure that Bluetooth is running and this is indicated by an icon that appears on the system tray. In most Windows operators, it is found in the control panel. There are various ways in which electronic devices with Bluetooth technology can be linked to one another. This can occur with component cables, Ethernet cables, infrared signals, Wi-Fi and electrical cables. Bluetooth networking technology transfers data using low power radio waves. It usually communicates on a frequency, which is approximately 2.45 gigahertz according to Palanivelu/nakkeeran (78). This frequency has been agreed on internationally for the purpose of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) devices use. Various devices have been able to make use of this radio frequency band. Bluetooth is able to support data speeds of approximately 721 Kbps and three voice channels at the same time. The modules of Bluetooth can be built into the electronic devices or it can be used as an adaptor. For instance in the case of a personal computer they can be inbuilt as a PC card or attached externally through the USB port. Each device has possessed a unique 48-bit address, which is given by the IEEE 802 standard whereby the connection

Stem Cell Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Stem Cell - Research Paper Example Though one cannot forecast the results from basic research, there is enough information available to suggest that a good deal of this enthusiasm is justified. Definition of Stem Cells Stem cells are basically building block cells of a human being which are capable of becoming 210 different types of tissue. â€Å"Stem cells have traditionally been defined as not fully differentiated yet to be any particular type of cell or tissue† (Irving, 1999). Adult stem cells are found in minute numbers within most tissues, but the majority of stem cells can be obtained from the umbilical cord. A more precise term is â€Å"somatic stem cells† (Sullivan, 2004). There are numerous potential sources for stem cells. Embryonic stem cells originate from the inner cell of an early stage embryo. Embryonic germ cells can be collected from fetal tissue at a later stage of development. Adult stem cells can be obtained from mature tissues. â€Å"Even after complete maturation of an organism, ce lls need to be replaced. A good example (of adult stem cells) is blood, but this is true for muscle and other connective tissue as well, and may be true for at least some nervous system cells† (Chapman et al, 1999). ... It has been substantiated from animal research that stem cells can be differentiated into cells that will behave appropriately in their transplanted location. For example, the transplantation of stem cells following treatments for cancer has found much success for many years. â€Å"Experiments such as the transplantation of fetal tissue into the brains of Parkinson’s patients indicate that the expectation that stem cell therapies could provide robust treatments for many human diseases is a reasonable one. It is only through controlled scientific research that the true promise will be understood† (Frankel, 1999). Argument for use of aborted fetuses The moral dilemma that surrounds the prohibition of aborted fetuses is the idea of abortion itself. The former Bush administration made it very clear that it was opposed to legal abortions, in at least most circumstances, and transferred that ideology to the prohibition of embryonic stem cell research. The concept of scientifi c study of the next stage of development, the fetus, which resulted from an abortion, was unthinkable. The ideology of the past Presidential administration reflected the minority which opposes abortion and also reflects the majority that is opposed to aborted fetuses of consenting parents being used for experimentation. This reality has no basis in reason. Why would those who claim to be ‘pro-choice’ want to waste the aborted tissue? For that matter, why would pro-lifers want to witness what they believe is a living being tossed away in vain? At least its ‘life’ could have meant something to humanity in a very real way. In 1999 alone, more than 850,000 abortions were performed in the U.S.

Antibody targeted drugs for cancer therapy Dissertation

Antibody targeted drugs for cancer therapy - Dissertation Example Targeting of an antigen that is suitable is done, the conjugate attached to it, which is usually inactive is internalized through endocytosis that is receptor mediated, without undergoing any modification. The conjugate taken thus into the cell is then released into the cell from the lysosome and the cytotoxic activity is then restored. This is the principle behind antibody targeted chemotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies are currently considered as important treatment approaches for malignancy because of their tolerance and also effectiveness in the treatment of various cancers. However, in view of limited scope for clinical trials only a few monoclonal antibodies are approved for clinical use and application against cancer. They not only have a role as anticancer agents, but also have ability to increase the selectivity of various other anticancer agents which are not effective when applied alone. Introduction Classic anticancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and su rgical resection. ... eal treatments of cancer where the toxicity is exerted only on tumor tissues and normal tissues are spared, application of monoclonal antibodies for target approach of cancer therapy has found its way. Such an application has revolutionized because of hybridoma technology which has contributed to the production of monoclonal antibodies. When these are used for anticancer treatment, they either target the cancer cells directly, or get exerted after conjugation with cytotoxic drugs or immunotoxins or enzymes (Juntilla et al, 2011). Thus, immunotherapy has become the fourth modality of cancer therapy. Strategies for this therapeutic application are destruction of cancer cells that are directed by immune reaction, interference of the therapy with the growth and differentiation of cancer cells, transport of anti-cancer agents to the cancer cells based on antigen epitopes, anti-idiotype vaccination and finally, development of humanised mouse monoclonal antibodies through genetic engineerin g. Several agents like radionucleotides, toxins and chemotherapeutic agents have been conjugated for anticancer application. These forms of treatment are not only useful following surgical resection but also can be employed in terminal cancer stages (Bodey et al, 2000). In this review, role of antibody mediated cancer therapy will be discussed through review of suitable articles. Monoclonal antibodies Antibodies that are produced from a single type of immune cell are known as monoclonal antibodies. Since these antibodies are basically clones of a single parent cell, they are all identical. Monoclonal antibodies have wide application both in diagnostic and therapeutic clinical arenas (Lambert et al, 2005). Currently, they are used in the treatment of various conditions like cancer, rejection

Environmental Science Phase 5 Individual Project Essay

Environmental Science Phase 5 Individual Project - Essay Example There are several fatal flaws in the claim that the U.S. can’t afford to take the legislative steps necessary to slow the effects of global warming. The scientific community agrees that global temperatures are rising due to the burning of fossil fuels which are damaging the protective atmospheric Ozone layer by changing its composition. Human pollution is changing the climate of our earth and has increased global warming in the past half century. The effects are being felt worldwide, not just in the U.S. where most of the CO2 emissions are generated. The question before us is, are we stewards of our earth and will we preserve it for future generations? If the past 30 years are any indication, then the answer is no. Noticeable effects of global warming are fairly insignificant right now to the average person, but its effects are unquestionably growing in scale. If the population of the planet were to immediately discontinue polluting the air with carbon dioxide emissions, climate changes would still continue long into the future. It is vitally important that the people of the world realize that we have set in motion an experiment on planet Earth which we cannot simply turn off because we finally realized the dire consequences. If we injure the planet in this selfish, cataclysmic method, we kill future generations of humankind. Agricultural activity, land masses and the very air we breathe will suffer a radical change from the effects of global warming, but to what degree? I don’t know but don’t want to know. The projected rate of climate change is very alarming to many scientists but not as much to politicians as this topic isn’t as high on the political agenda as some others. It seems to me that the world leaders have no sense of urgency about them regarding global warming. They place great importance on the popular items of the

Antibody targeted drugs for cancer therapy Dissertation

Antibody targeted drugs for cancer therapy - Dissertation Example Targeting of an antigen that is suitable is done, the conjugate attached to it, which is usually inactive is internalized through endocytosis that is receptor mediated, without undergoing any modification. The conjugate taken thus into the cell is then released into the cell from the lysosome and the cytotoxic activity is then restored. This is the principle behind antibody targeted chemotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies are currently considered as important treatment approaches for malignancy because of their tolerance and also effectiveness in the treatment of various cancers. However, in view of limited scope for clinical trials only a few monoclonal antibodies are approved for clinical use and application against cancer. They not only have a role as anticancer agents, but also have ability to increase the selectivity of various other anticancer agents which are not effective when applied alone. Introduction Classic anticancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy and su rgical resection. ... eal treatments of cancer where the toxicity is exerted only on tumor tissues and normal tissues are spared, application of monoclonal antibodies for target approach of cancer therapy has found its way. Such an application has revolutionized because of hybridoma technology which has contributed to the production of monoclonal antibodies. When these are used for anticancer treatment, they either target the cancer cells directly, or get exerted after conjugation with cytotoxic drugs or immunotoxins or enzymes (Juntilla et al, 2011). Thus, immunotherapy has become the fourth modality of cancer therapy. Strategies for this therapeutic application are destruction of cancer cells that are directed by immune reaction, interference of the therapy with the growth and differentiation of cancer cells, transport of anti-cancer agents to the cancer cells based on antigen epitopes, anti-idiotype vaccination and finally, development of humanised mouse monoclonal antibodies through genetic engineerin g. Several agents like radionucleotides, toxins and chemotherapeutic agents have been conjugated for anticancer application. These forms of treatment are not only useful following surgical resection but also can be employed in terminal cancer stages (Bodey et al, 2000). In this review, role of antibody mediated cancer therapy will be discussed through review of suitable articles. Monoclonal antibodies Antibodies that are produced from a single type of immune cell are known as monoclonal antibodies. Since these antibodies are basically clones of a single parent cell, they are all identical. Monoclonal antibodies have wide application both in diagnostic and therapeutic clinical arenas (Lambert et al, 2005). Currently, they are used in the treatment of various conditions like cancer, rejection

Business Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Article review - Essay Example The Department of Labor reported that unit labor costs increased by 1.4% while inflation-adjusted compensation rose to only 0.4 %. The higher rate of increases in productivity relative to the mount in hourly wage indicates that "companies are still able to keep a significant share of productivity gains for themselves and their investors." An implication of this is that companies are able to keep a larger share of their revenue as gross profits which can dampen the possibility of inflation as they allow companies to absorb more costs. However, the article also recognized that as companies have strong pricing power, they are hesitant in absorbing higher input costs but are inclined to pass these costs to consumers. The decline in the number of unemployed is indicative of a strong job market (Whitehouse). The article revealed the interrelation of different macroeconomic variables in the society as well as showed how the economic climate affects the position and decision making of business entities. The concepts such as inflation, productivity, and employment levels which are presently tackled in the class and their relationships are more elucidated and understood in the business article. Theoretically, labor productivity and wages are closely li

Supply Chain Management and Distribution Centers Essay Example for Free

Supply Chain Management and Distribution Centers Essay 1. Wal-Mart has been able to achieve respectable leadership in the retail industry because of its focus on supply chain management. Discuss in detail the distribution and logistics system adopted by Wal-Mart. Ans : As the world’s largest retailer with net sales of almost $219 billion for the fiscal year 2002, Wal-Mart is considered a â€Å"best-in-class† company for its supply chain management practices. These practices are a key competitive advantage that have enabled Wal-Mart to achieve leadership in the retail industry through a focus on increasing operational efficiency and on customer needs Wal-Mart’s corporate website calls â€Å"logistics† and â€Å"distribution† the heart of its operation, one that keeps millions of products moving to customers every day of the year. Wal-Mart’s complete Supply chain is aligned to provide maximum value to its customers by Every day low prices in its Stores. Wal-Mart’s highly-automated distribution centers, which operate 24 hours a day and are served by Wal-Mart’s truck fleet, are the foundation of its growth strategy and supply network. In the United States alone, the company has more than 40 regional distribution centers for import flow and more than 140 distribution centers for domestic flow .When entering a new geographic arena, the company first determines if the area will be able to contain enough stores to support a distribution center. Each distribution center supports between 75 to 100 retail stores within a 250-mile area. Once a center is built, stores are gradually built around it to saturate the area and the distribution network is realigned to maximize efficiencies through a process termed â€Å"reoptimization†. The result is a â€Å"trickle-down† effect: trucks do not have to travel as far to retail stores to make deliveries, shorter distances reduce transportation costs and lead time, and shorter lead time means holding less safety inventory. If shortages do occur, replenishment can be made more quickly because stores receive daily deliveries from distribution centers. The company’s hub-and-spoke distribution network utilizes a system of manufacturer storage with customer pickup. No inventory is stored at Wal-Mart’s distribution centers. Wal-Mart’s fleet of 3,500 dedicated trucks and over 50,000 trailers are used to pick up goods directly from manufacturers’ warehous es, thus eliminating intermediaries and increasing responsiveness. The use of trucks raises transportation costs but is justified in terms of reduced inventory. Merchandise brought in by truck to distribution centers is sorted for delivery to stores within 24 to 48 hours. However, certain goods, such as automotive and drug products, are delivered directly to stores by suppliers. Wal-Mart, a pioneer in the logistics technique of cross-docking, also has store-specific orders packed and shipped directly to the store by the manufacturer. Because Wal-Mart’s fast, responsive transportation operations are such a major part of the company’s successful logistics system, great care is taken in the hiring, training, supervising, and assigning of drivers’ schedules and job responsibilities. From the onset of his retailing career, Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton recognized the importance of hiring experienced people and of building loyalty not only in his customers but also in his employees. The company hires only experienced drivers who have driven more than 300,000 accident-free miles and whom it believes will be committed to customer service. Its retail stores are considered important â€Å"customers† of the distribution centers. As stated in the â€Å"Private Fleet Driver Handbook† that each driver is given a copy of, drivers are expected to be â€Å"polite† and â€Å"kind† when dealing with store personnel and others. In addition to containing a driver’s code of conduct, the Private Fleet Driver Handbook gives instructions and rules for following pre-planned travel routes and schedules, the responsible unloading of a truck trailer at a retail store, and the safe-guarding of Wal-Mart’s property. For example, although drivers deliver loaded trailers in the afternoon and evening hours, a trailer can be brought to the store’s docks only at its scheduled unloading time. Because unloading is done at two-hour intervals during the night, a driver is expected to spend the night, returning to the distribution center at a pre-scheduled time with an empty trailer. Coordinators closely monitor the detailed records of each driver’s activities for adherence to rules. Violations are dealt with according to handbook procedures, which include employee education to prevent future occurrences of incorrect actions. By effectively managing every aspect of its transportation operations and treating its drivers fairly, Wal-Mart gets results that are unrivaled in the logistics arena. Rules are a key to consistency, which leads to preparedness, which then leads to proper execution. To gain maximum out of cross-docking, Walmart had to make fundamental changes in its approach to managerial control. The cross-docking system changed the practice of highly centralized decision at Corporate level.The system shifted the focus from â€Å"supply chain† to the â€Å"demand chain† which meant that instead of the retailer ‘pushing ‘products into the system; customers could ‘pull’ products, when and where they needed.

The Cause and Effects of Terrorism

The Cause and Effects of Terrorism In this modern world, terrorism has become a hazardous threat to all the countries around the world as it will cause devastating casualties and economy impact in any of the countries. According to Krueger and Maleckova (2003), the term terrorism is defined as premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience. Terrorism is basically an act of the terrorists to convert a message such as ideological, religious or political object through violence or destruction. The more destructive it is, the more audiences they will have. Thus, terrorists will be greatly increased if they can influence people around the world to achieve the objectives or goals that the terrorists group has plotted. In addition, there are factors that made other people to join terrorism and the effects of it. While terrorism is still in active around the globe, what has causes this dreadful act that harm many people live and property and what are the reasons behind this Keet (2003) stated that one of the causes is formation of nationalist or separatist. He emphasize that colonized nations which made nationalist movement has a high chances to become a terrorism organization. Mahatma Ghandi was the only one who gets along with the freedom movement without using any violence act. Extreme nationalism, on the other hand, has set up or upholds language rights, religious belief and symbols. They persuade on a regional-ethic party and less accentuate on the political rights and privileges. Lawson (2001) too claimed that resistance against an oppressor is a contributing factor that will lead to terrorism. He remarked that the dominance of terrorists land and their people from any oppressor are apparent to have high chances of conducting terrorism. The IRA, the Basque separatist group ETA, the Pale stinians, the Tamil Tigers, the Chechens, and Iraqi insurgents are some of the examples of organization that used forces to fulfill their political goals (Lawson, 2001). Keet (2003) reviewed an important factor that is related to terrorism was social stratification and disproportion of division of limited resources such as food, water and clothing. In this study, lack of economic management has give a huge impact on civilian for their survive needs. Based on the studies shown in Keet (2003) 15% of the population for the poor countries consumes 85% of the overall resources. He stated that if those people cant get a satisfactory amount of resources they needed, they will use force or violence to get what they wanted in order to keep them alive. Thus, these circumstances have formed a new society or organization that will lead to terrorism. The contradictory of theory of disaffected intelligentsia, which is simple minded people that are lack of moral and social knowledge, were the ones that mislead the people (Keet, 2003). They are the reason that dehumanizes terrorists and, in this manner, they wanted to be heard, and acknowledge by the society or the world, that they have the equivalent of human rights. This indicates the inner reason of terrorism, decreeing from the point of its viewpoints, mindset, method of approach and the consequences as studied by Keet (2003). In addition to the dehumanization of terrorists, Keet (2003) claimed that religion is essential cause for the terrorism as it stressed on the Muslim extremists in the Middle East. The research showed that Islamic terrorism rejects the ideology of democracy and individualism, while Islamists dislike the concept of capitalism and believe in Caliphate (the idea of leading Muslim community in worldwide). People believed that the social issue was connected to the war is the religion and realm which indicates on different belief have a higher chance to engage in a battle than those share the same belief (Keet, 2003). Despite of the above, all religion accentuates that we must treat others as we are wished to be treated and killing is prohibited on most of the religious teaching. In 2004, Borum studied the behavior among terrorists and found out that most of them were perceived from injustice, wanted identity and unfortunately, they were the targeted victims of terrorism. Traumatize from the childhood abuse, they felt injustice as well as humiliated and as a result, they joined the terrorists group as they are the majority in the organization (Borum, 2004). People who search for their identity often trap by the terrorist organization in many ways as one of them is referred to identity foreclosure when the idea or mindset of a terrorist organization is being accepted without serious inspection (as cited in Borum, 2004, p. 25). They often accept the mindset as they couldnt take any more of the complexity and stressful world and they are usually classified as lifeless or monotonous person. Similarly, the studies based on Borum (2004) has emphasizes on the motivation of terrorists as a root to terrorism. Motive is defined as the passion or aspiration to get something done. The opportunity to get into action, the belonging needs, the wish to get acknowledge in society and the acquirement of material rewards are the motivations go get involve in terrorism (Borum, 2004). Moreover, Borum (2004) stated that the remedies of an injustice were the essential motivation for terrorism as it can help them to get their revenge back and the best motivation is to help others to avenge but not themselves. The need of belonging that was remarked earlier on has great impact on radical extremist groups as they felt connected and associated with the group. They were expelled and rejected from their society but the organization accepted them and they felt the warmth and kindness just like a family does (Borum, 2004). The causes on terrorism in this world are unavoidable indeed. On the other hand, the effects on terrorism as stated in Bennett and Bray (n.d.) are on tourism industry. After the incident on 9/11, the impact on world travel and tourism council has reported that over 10% of the travel and tourism demand on worldwide has decreased and consequently, 8.8 million people have lost their job in airlines, hotels, tour operators, car rental and credit card companies, thus it decreased 1.7% of total GDP for the world economy (Bennett and Bray, n.d.). With the attacks on the world trade centre, Bennett and Bray (n.d.) reviewed that international arrivals around the world in 2001 has greatly decrease which estimated 4 million that were less than the previous year and it was indicated clearly that people have the fear to take flights. Bennett and Bray (n.d.) stated that it was disastrous for the airlines companies as the passengers numbers were declining. Similarly, AFP (2010a) stated airports and other travel centers as well as tourist attractions across Europe have been heightened with security forces as al-Qaeda has linked with terror plot that targeted in London, Paris, Berlin and other European countries. On the other hand, AP (2010) mentioned on terrorism that was on the alert to those Americans living in or traveling to Europe. The economy around the globe has badly influenced from the act of terrorism. As Abadie and Gardeazabal (2007) reviewed that the capital stock, either in physical or human form, has greatly reduced after the act of terrorist in a country. In addition, the country itself needs to increase expenditures on counter-terrorism and in order to get the resources or capital; they need to obtain from their productive industries for the sake of the countrys security (Abadie Gardeazabal, 2007). The incident of September 11th terrorist attacks on US economy have affected the total production assets which decreased 0.06% of it. Walters, Sachsida and Sandler (2006) indicated the stocks in US direct investment has lower drastically after the terrorist assaults against US interest in OECD countries. Similarly, Persitz (n.d.) claimed that due to intense terror in Pakistan, the consumption and government-expense section increases while investment, exports, and imports of production decreases. In the market, people are devastated from terrorist acts as human tragedies happened most of the time. Because of fear, many people didnt want to take the risk to start a business as terrorism could strike anytime and anywhere and eventually it brings down the economy (Market, n.d.). Furthermore, the costs that cover the security purposes were a burden for most of the companies as they might decrease the price of the stock that will lead to disappointment from the stockholders. Market (n.d.) stated that resilience will occurred even if a terrorist attacks, the society will united together to overcome the catastrophe that changes the security system and become more secure and confident than before. For examples in the Kennedy assignation, the World Trade Center Bombing, and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Whats more about effect of the market is the human loss in a terrorist act is heartbreaking news for the victims loved ones. The loss of potential labor workers in a company suffered more hardship than losing profits (Market, n.d.). In 2007, Creekmore (2007) claimed that after the incident of September 11th, social conflict has been arising due to fear and horrified by the incident among citizens. After past few days of the incident, people were lined up around the gas station before gas prices rose two dollar a gallon. The governor of Mississippi took immediate action against local gas suppliers as they were found guilty on raising the gas prices (Creekmore, 2007). Eventually this has set off havoc between the local gas suppliers and customer in different states, and people were fighting for the gas. In addition, Creekmore (2007) mentioned about the rumors which were spread about the shortage of food due to the gas prices and soon everyone felt the state of panic. Media (2008) reviewed that the Internet has many useful functions for the terrorist, such as cyber-terrorism, coordination of plans of attack, communication with cells, or propaganda and information. Convenient, easy to use and access, much quicker to send precious information and inexpensive are the factors for terrorists to use the Internet. As the functions mentioned above, it brings huge impact on the media because the Internet act as a direct medium (Media, 2008). A Mexican-based terrorism organization, EZLN, also known as Zapatistas, has brought catastrophe to its country as it uses Internet to leak information throughout the world. Media (2008) has also remarked that Internet media offensive was started by al-Qaida that their message were translated into European languages and as a result, radicalization process is happening much faster, broader, more mysterious in the Internet era. Instead of having traditional weapons such as sword and spear, The Effects (2006) claimed that terrorists weaponry has stepped forward to a more advance technology, that is chemical and biological weapons. It was dated back then after Persian Gulf, thousands of US troops went home after the war has ended. Unfortunately, they have come across an illness which includes symptoms like chronic fatigue, severe joint pain and headaches, intestinal track problems, internal bleeding, and memory loss (The Effects, 2006). The veterans were then diagnosed with Gulf War Syndrome as a result of war. The Effects (2006) reviewed the terrorists have been doing many illegal activities such as counterfeit the document and statements as well as take apart the equipments and tear down important documents in order to conceal their production of biological weapons. AFP (2010b) remarked the Taliban militants have claimed two raids which around 60 trucks were torched and three people died in this incident. O n the other hand, Pakistani authorities have reported 24 attacks since September 3rd which have claimed more than 140 lives. Over the years, terrorism has caught international attention as it has destructive goals that would bring casualties and economical impact around the world. The research on terrorism was insufficient and the data is not fully complete yet. There are still many unknown causes that would lead to terrorism. However, as times goes by, the secrets behind terrorism will eventually reveal to the world and it must be eradicate as soon as win-win solutions are being discovered and implement into the society.

How do You Define an American? Essay -- Definition Essays

How do You Define an American? What is an American? This question cannot be answered by one word. There are so many different characteristics, qualities, and features that can be used to describe an American. Besides features, someone is only a real American if they take advantage of all of the many privileges that are given to them. Any person that is not grateful for the privileges that are given to them to me are not real Americans but this is only my opinion. Real Americans use their privileges to benefit themselves and everyone around them. In today's society there are certain things that are expected from American citizens, for instance being a responsible citizen. Being responsible is a very important part of being an American. There are many rights that you are given when living in America, and with these rights you are expected to be responsible and not abuse them. One right that you shouldn't abuse is your right to vote. This is something that many of us take for granted. Having to make this choice you are expected to make the responsible decision. The only person that it would hurt if you don't take this type of thing seriously is yourself. Along with this privilege of voting on whom you want to run our country, you are then expected to take the responsibility to fight in war if ever needed. This is just a small price to pay for the right to decide of whose running the country. J Rockefeller Jr. describes this good in this quote, "I believe that every right i...

Last Tango in Paris

  Paul is an American trying to recover from the death of his French prostitute wife. Although he resents her for what she has done to him, he can never overcome his love for her, leading him to a life of contrasting emotions. We know those emotions due to the many reoccurring motifs seen throughout the film. In the film, it is understood that Paul is in a state of confusion that is unbeknownst to us at the time, through Bertolucci capturing him in low-key lighting. In many scenes of the first act of the film, the audience is unable to look at Paul’s face completely due to the overwhelming presence of shadows.For example, when Jeanne goes up to the apartment for the first time she is startled by Paul sitting alone in an empty room in the dark. He is unsure of who he is at this point in his life, if he doesn’t know that, then how or why should anyone else. Shadows are a great way to portray this to an audience because they are only limited to how much they can see of h im. Searching for answers to who you are is a big theme for both characters in the film; the eyes are the best way to read a person. Throughout the film Paul and Jeanne are looking through multiple windows and doorways.Another motif used in the film to display Paul’s uncertainty is having by having him constantly in a scene where Paul and the audience are capable of seeing a reflection of his face, most notably a mirror. His reflection allows to Paul to look at himself and try and figure out who he is or what he has done in the past. There are 2 instances where I believe the inclusion of a mirror and reflection made the scenes unforgettable, the first is the disturbing â€Å"butter† scene, and the second is at the conclusion of the film where Jeanne and Paul are at the Tango competition.I see the mirrors as a fore-shadow that a different emotion or â€Å"personality† is present of Paul. In the first scene mentioned, nothing seemed out of the ordinary when Jeanne came back, Paul was 2 sitting by himself eating, but she opens a dresser door and we see the reflection of devilish look on Paul’s face. An uneasy feeling takes over, and something odd is going to occur. The second scene is the scene in the Tango hall, with mirrors lining up the walls inside, the feeling of something unknown returns.Of course, by the end of the film Paul has completely changed, and wants to start a new life with Jeanne, but he has only become obsessed with her and chases her down the streets of Paris. What makes this so powerful is that the audience is left thinking whether he is the same way he as the entire film or is he actually the person he sees in the mirror at the end. What makes the character of Paul so unique and interesting is all the different emotions this man has gone through in his recent years.There are times when he is lonely, confused, happy, sad, and especially scared, it seems that at any moment he can change into a different mood. When Pa ul and Jeanne first meet, Paul already has a wall up from getting to know another women, because he has been deeply scarred by his wife’s affairs, Paul had lost his belief in love. He is terrified to open up and talk to Jeanne on a more personal level; Jeanne only tells him her name right before Paul is shot. The risk of being hurt by another women is the reason why Paul always preferred never to talk about there past personal lives.

Signal Conditioning Characteristics Engineering Essay

This study presents the design, execution of a room temperature lumberman which measures temperature, and logs in informations utilizing a clip specified by the user in seconds. It besides shows the consequence and analysis of noise nowadays in the system. The temperature is sensed utilizing a type K thermocouple whose end product is fed through an AD595 signal conditioner which performs cold junction compensation, linearization and elaboration. A hardware filter is so created to filtrate the signal coming out from the AD595 signal conditioner. A data acquisition card is provided which takes the end product of the signal and converts it from parallel into digital signifier and presents the informations to the computing machine system running LabView Virtual Instrumentation package. The LabVIEW Virtual Instrumentation plan so digitise electromotive force by executing noise analysis utilizing power spectral denseness, and change over the electromotive force signals into temperature. Th e LabView VI besides provides a block diagram where the instruments are placed, and a forepart panel which provides graphical and numerical temperature show to the user and shops the temperature over clip in a file on the computing machine. High and Low temperature set points are provided with an dismay system to supply audiovisual warnings accompanied with a honking sound to the user if temperature deviates from the set points. The most popular transducer for mensurating temperature is the thermocouple. It is one of the simplest of all detectors ; it is an cheap, rugged device that can run over a really broad scope of temperatures. The thermocouple besides has alone signal conditioning demands. Thermocouples operate on the rule that the junction of two dissimilar metals generates a electromotive force that varies with temperature. The end product is a little electromotive force measured between the two wires ( National Instruments, 2010 ) Figure1: Thermocouple ( culled from www.capgo.com/Resources/Temperature/Thermocouple/thermocouple.html ) The thermocouple Acts of the Apostless as a temperature detector and it produces a comparatively little end product electromotive force. To show a more feasible consequence from electromotive force, signal conditioning is required by either linearizing or amplifying. The thermocouple used is a type K which consists of chromel and alumel. In order to input the information from the thermocouple into a computing machine, vitual instrumentality is used to treat the signal by utilizing suited package which generates studies and consequences. The thermocouple ( which is a transducer ) converts temperature to voltage and a information acquisition board is so used to change over the parallel signals into digital signals which are so fed to the computing machine. The DAQ acquisition package ( Labview VI ) converts the digital signals into graphical indexs utilizing the front panel and block diagrams. Display charts are so placed to reexamine the signal acquired.1.1 AIMThe purpose of this study is to bring forth a Labview VI to get temperature informations from the thermocouple ( Type K ) , runing from 20A °C – 50A °C ; supplying valid instantaneous numerical informations, an dismay option ( Tmax – Tmin ) , a graphical end product and a file storage option. The study presents a brief theory subdivision, the following subdivision discusses the experimental apparatus ( with the package filter and hardware filter ) , processs and design considerations, so the consequences are produced, and so the decision.2. Theory2.1 ThermocoupleA thermocouple is a type of temperature detector, with its circuit holding at least two junctions ; the measuring junction and a mention junction. The mention junction is created where the two wires connect to the measurement device. The measurement junction is the terminals of the two wires, but because they are assumed to be at the same temperature ( isothermal ) they are considered as one ( thermal ) junction. The end product electromotive force is related to the temperature difference between the measuring and the mention junctions. This is known as the Seebeck consequence. The Seebeck consequence generates a little electromotive force along the length of a wire, and is greatest where the temperature gradient is greatest ( Capgo, 2010 ) .2.2 SIGNAL CONDITIONING & A ; CHARACTERISTICSDetector Electrical CHARACTERISTICS SIGNAL CONDITIONING REQUIREMENT Thermocouple Low-tension end product. Low sensitiveness. Nonlinear end product. Reference temperature detector ( for cold-junction compensation ) . High elaboration Linearization. Table 1: Electrical Features and Basic Signal Conditioning Requirements ( culled from hypertext transfer protocol: //zone.ni.com/devzone/cda/tut/p/id/4084 # toc2 ) . The thermocouple has its assorted features and ensuing signal conditioning demands ( as shown above ) . The choice of a peculiar solution nevertheless depends on the size of one ‘s pocket, development velocity, elaboration factor and linearization. A simple solution is by utilizing an IC bit ( such as the AD595 ) which provides signal conditioning, cold junction compensation, high electromotive force addition ( elaboration ) and compensates for non one-dimensionality of the thermocouple signal. It has been preconfigured to supply a electromotive force end product relative to temperature ( 10mV/A °C ) straight from type J/K thermocouple signals. The device is packaged in a 14 pin DIL IC bit. It operates utilizing a broad supply electromotive force scope +5 to 30V.2.2 DATA ACQUISITION ( DAQ )Data acquisition involves garnering signals from measuring beginnings and digitising the signals for storage, analysis, and presentation on a Personal computer. The intent of informations a cquisition is to mensurate an electrical or physical phenomenon such as electromotive force, current temperature, force per unit area, or sound. The PC-based informations acquisition system is defined by its application demands by geting, analyzing and showing information. Data acquisition systems integrated signals, detectors, actuators, signal conditioning, informations acquisition devices and applications package. Figure 2: PC-based Data Acquisition ( culled from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ni.com/dataacquisition/whatis.htm )3. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND PROCEDURE3.1 EXPERIMENT ( WITH HARDWARE FILTER )Figure 3: Block diagram for Experiment with hardware filter.3.1.1 HARDWARE FILTER SELECTIONBecause the signal passing through the system is low ( i.e. 10mv/A °C ) a lowpass filter is used to observe the signal passing through. Due to the creative activity of the filter ( hardware ) a cut-off frequence has to be set in order to find the value for the capacitance and the resistance to be used, i.e. utilizing a RC filter. Figure 4: RC filter. To find the resistance and capacitance to be used the expression for a RC filter is used, such that ; Where C = electrical capacity, which was given at 0.1A µF, R= Resistance, and = Cut-off Frequency. The cut-off frequence is defined as the frequence below which the addition drops 3dB ( National Instruments, 2009 ) . A cut-off frequence of 4Hz was chosen. Therefore at a cut-off frequence of 4Hz, and a electrical capacity of 0.1A µf, we have the opposition at ; R = 397.89Ka„ ¦ .3.1.1 CIRCUIT CONNECTIONFor the circuit connexion, a type K thermocouple and a pre-calibrated signal conditioner AD595 were supplied. The circuit for thermocouple conditioning was built utilizing a veroboard. Figure 5: Thermocouple Signal Conditioning Circuit with a beltway for the hardware filter ( Culled from Analogue Devices Monolithic Thermocouple Amplifiers with Cold Junction Compensation AD594/AD595 Datasheet ) . A hardware filter is connected to the end product of the AD595 at pin 8, such that the signal is been filtered before come ining into the DAQ. The positive terminus of the end product is connected to the linear channel on the DAQ, which provides the filtered signal. Besides, at pin 8 the junction of the AD595 and the hardware filter, signal is tapped out, which is connected to another parallel channel on the DAQ, which provides the unfiltered signal. The common or signal land is connected to the linear channel land. Besides, pin 11 with an end product of +5V was connected to the DAQ, to feed a electromotive force beginning to the system. The connexion manner used is the referenced individual ended ( RSE ) because the full negative terminuss are common ( i.e. grounded ) . Double ended input harmonizing to informations sheet of the thermocouple signal conditioning unit ensures really low degree of noise. The end product provided readings for when the signals are filtered and unfiltered .3.1.2 DAQ CONFIGURATIONThe matching of input electromotive force scope to end product electromotive force scope of transducer is required to take advantage of the DAQ ‘s declaration. From the AD595, the end product electromotive force per temperature is 10m/A °C, hence, the end product electromotive force scope of the transducer at Tmin = 0A °C is 0V and at Tmax = 50A °C is 500m. A scene of Vmin = 0 and Vmax = 1V will be sufficient because the input electromotive force rang to the DAQ is non expected to swing above 1V. Figure 6: DAQ Configuration3.2 VI ProgramA practical instrument plan is made up both the front panel and the block diagram. The front panel acts as the user interface to the measuring systems and it contains controls and indexs. A VI was created to analyze and expose temperature signal. Graphic indexs are required to see and analyze the information. The figure below shows the VI for analysis. Figure 7: Block diagram of signal analysis and thermometer measuring Figure 8: Block diagram of informations file and temperature lumberman. Figure 9: Front panel demoing the signal wave form, and temperature reading From Figure 7, since there is an in reinforced filter ( the hardware filter ) , the end product signal from the DAQ is split into two parts incorporating a filtered signal, and an unfiltered signal ( which was tapped out ) . Both signal are connected to the spectral measuring which analysis the input signal and provides a PSD ( Power Spectral Density ) , which plots the Power against frequence, and it ‘s suited for analysing the noise in the signal. In order to obtain the temperature readings from the thermocouple, a thermometer is placed such that readings from the end product signal ( sing the filtered signal ) is assumed to be multiplied by 100 ( as shown in the informations sheet ) to give an accurate reading in temperature ( A °C ) . String sections are set such that a show is shown at the front panel when the temperature is above or below a temperature scope set ( say 30A °C – 50A °C ) . Figure 8 shows how the information is being salvage and how the lumberman is set. The signal inputs passes through the mean, which sends selected signals into the write measuring file, and harmonizing to the scene of the lumberman ( in seconds ) , the readings are being stored. Figure 9 shows the front panel of the VI, here it is seeable to see the result of the temperature reading, and controls are set in order to alter the system harmonizing to the user ‘s desire. A thermometer is set to demo the temperature reading when increasing or decreasing, an dismay is placed such that if readings are above or below a set status, a warning is set so that the dismay index water chickweeds and a beeping sound is heard. The following below show constellations of some of the diagrams discussed above ; Figure 10: Configure Spectral Measurements Figure 11: Configure to Write to Measurement File4. Result4.1 VI PROGRAM OUTPUTFigure 12: PSD demoing the filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( white ) signals. Figure 13: User Interface demoing the thermometer and the lumberman with historical informations. LabVIEW MeasurementAAAWriter_Version 0.92AAReader_Version 1AACentrifuge CheckAAMulti_Headings NoAAX_Columns MultiAATime_Pref AbsoluteAAOperator AOGUNS11AADate 03/11/2010AATime 30:09.6AA***End_of_Header***AAAAAAAChannelss 2AASamples 1A1 Date 03/11/2010A03/11/2010 Time 30:09.6A30:09.6 X_Dimension TimeATime X0 0.00E+00A0.00E+00 Delta_X 1A1 ***End_of_Header***AAAX_Value Unfiltered ( V ) X_Value Filtered V 0 0.23743 0 0.239368 23.171875 0.297004 23.17188 0.295841 23.734375 0.310529 23.73438 0.31329 26.734375 0.293301 26.73438 0.290185 29.734375 0.272209 29.73438 0.27214 32.734375 0.25337 32.73438 0.252483 35.734375 0.248862 35.73438 0.248778 38.734375 0.241455 38.73438 0.241785 41.734375 0.242099 41.73438 0.243864 Table 2: Sample of Log file at 3sec interval4.2 NOISE INVESTIGATIONFigure 14: PSD of filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( black ) signals at 1000 sample per rhythm and at a frequence of 1KHz. Figure 14: PSD of filtered ( ruddy ) and unfiltered ( black ) signals at 1000 sample per rhythm and at a frequence of 500Hz. A signal is composed of two parts, the wanted signal and noise ( Pugh et al, 2010 ) . We consider the filtered signals from the figure above. Noise occurs when there is a deformation of flow in the signal ; such can be seen in the unfiltered signal where presence of noise is more seeable. In order to take most of the noise a low base on balls filter was used, with a cut-off frequence of 4Hz. The consequence of this showed minimum presence of noise in the system with really few deformations. It should be noted a possible beginning of noise in the system can happen from the brinies ( 50Hz and its multiples ) . From the figures above, at frequence 1 KHz, and samples of 1K, we observe white noise being present from 15Hz, with spikes at 45, 105, 205 and 265Hz. Besides at the frequence 500Hz, and samples of 1K, we observe white noise being present from 15Hz, with spikes at 50, 125, 165, 200, 285 and 365Hz. It is of import to cognize that the white noise is the most dominant noise, and it starts at the beginning of the spectrum.5. 100 CHANNEL SystemIn order to make a 100 channel logging system, the most suited equipment to utilize is a PXI-2575 or SCXI-1175. The National Instruments PXI-2575 and SCXI-1175 are high-density 100 – channel all-purpose multiplexer switch faculties. With 198 1-wire channels or 98 2-wire channels, the NI PXI-2575 and NI SCXI-1175 are capable of routing 100s of signals to measurement devices or from beginning units. Each channel uses robust electromechanical relays and is capable of exchanging up to 100 VDC/100 VAC or 1 A. With a scanning velocity of up to 140 hertzs, these faculties act as an first-class front-end for high-channel-count machine-controlled trial applications. Expanding the multiplexer channel count of an SCXI system is every bit easy as adding extra faculties. Analog signals can be passed between two or more SCXI-1175 switch faculties via the high electromotive force parallel backplane ( HVAB ) in an SCXI human body. Include the HVAB arrangers for a 4-slot SCXI human body ( p/n 776575-57x ) or a 12-slot human body ( 776575-58x ) to put up this capableness. With these connexions, you can immediately spread out your channels without complicated wiring ( National Instruments, 2010 ) The cost of this system is set at ?1,549, which is just monetary value given its versatility and easy use. Should be recommended for a company/University usage instead than self intents ( unless affordable ) . Figure 15: The National Instruments PXI-2575 ( left ) and SCXI-1175 ( right )6. DecisionThe overall purpose of the experiment was accomplished as temperature was acquired at a rate of 0.001 Seconds, with a hardware filter inputted in it, holding a cut-off frequence at 4Hz, electrical capacity of 0.1A µF and a opposition of 397.89 to take accompany noise signals, averaged over a scope between 100 – 1000 samples and so logged every 3 seconds. The dismay system displays a â€Å" Low Temp † message when temperature dropped below 20 grades and a â€Å" High Temp † message when it rose above 30 grades centigrade and makes a beeping sound. Noise was reduced with the aid of a Low base on balls filter and farther, by averaging over a figure of samples.